Place beans and garlic in a pot of water. Bring to a boil. Reduce heat to medium and simmer for 20-25 minutes, until tender. Drain immediately and discard the garlic.
In a small skillet, heat the oil. Add cumin, caraway and fennel. When they start to sizzle and have turned golden, pour over the beans. Add red pepper, vinegar and 1/2 teaspoon of the salt.
In a shallow pan so that carrots lay in an even layer, combine carrots, sugar, remaining salt and 2/3 cup water. Cook on high heat for 8 minutes, by which time most of the water should have evaporated.
Add to beans with cilantro and lemon zest.
Add cheese. Toss gently and serve.